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Blood Group Typing: Understanding Its Importance and Applications
Blood group typing is a critical aspect of medical science, playing a pivotal role in ensuring safe transfusions, organ transplants, and understanding genetic inheritance. The human blood system is classified into different groups based on the presence or absence of specific antigens on the surface of red blood cells. These antigens, primarily the ABO and Rh systems, determine an individual’s blood type.
The ABO blood group system was discovered by Karl Landsteiner in the early 20th century. It classifies blood into four main types: A, B, AB, and O. These types are distinguished by the presence of A and B antigens on red blood cells. For instance, type A has A antigens, type B has B antigens, type AB has both, and type O has neither. Alongside ABO, the Rh factor, often denoted as positive or negative, is another crucial component. An…